大枣多糖的研究进展

大枣多糖具有多种生理功效,然而目前国内外对大枣多糖的研究比较少。综述了大枣多糖的组成、提取分离工艺,以及生理功效的研究现状,指出了研究大枣多糖的现实意义,对大枣多糖的研究有待于进一步展开。     

蟑螂水溶性多糖提取、分析及免疫活性研究

采用正交实验设计,以多糖含量为指标,对蟑螂水溶性多糖进行碱液和酶解提取研究;通过离子交换层析、凝胶层析对提取的多糖进行分级纯化,并对所得组分进行纯度鉴定和单糖分析;同时考察蟑螂粗多糖对正常小鼠的免疫活性.结果表明:酶解法提取的多糖含量较高,最佳实验条件是提取温度50℃、酶量200 μg·g-1,提取时间2 h.在此最佳实验条件下所得蟑螂多糖粗品中总糖含量为80 g·kg-1,蛋白含量为423 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量为333.4 g·kg-1;纯化后初步获得一个组分PWSPSC-2,多糖含量458 g·kg-1,蛋白含量392 g·kg-1,单糖组成Xyl:Ara:Glu:Man:Gal:GIcUA:GalUA=1.0:1.7:38.1:14.6:15.6:2.9:1.3;免疫活性实验显示,蟑螂粗多糖可以显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬指数、吞噬百分率及血清溶血素,表明蟑螂粗多糖可以明显增强小鼠的非特异性免疫和体液免疫功能.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化桑葚多糖的工艺研究

[目的]为桑葚的开发利用提供依据。[方法]研究了合成大孔树脂对桑葚多糖的吸附纯化,经过静态吸附和动态试验,考察了提取物溶液浓度、pH值、流速和洗脱剂等因素对树脂吸附性能的影响,确定了最佳纯化参数。[结果]试验表明,大孔吸附树脂对桑葚多糖具有良好的吸附解析效果。[结论]该纯化工艺为桑葚的综合利用提供了新途径。     

白术·白芍水煎液对鸡离体肠管运动张力的比较研究

[目的]探讨白术、白芍水煎液对鸡离体空肠运动张力的影响。[方法]采用离体器官试验法,以鸡的空肠平滑肌张力变化为指标,将鸡的离体空肠置于恒温通气台式液中,分别加入浓度为4．00、8．00、16．00g／L的白术和白芍的水煎液,以观察白术和白芍对不同肠管运动张力的影响。[结果]与用药前比较,白术水煎液使离体空肠平滑肌收缩运动增强：溶液浓度为4．00g／L时,收缩张力、收缩振幅差异显著（P〈0．05）,舒张张力差异极显著（P〈0．01）;浓度为8．00、16．00g/L时,收缩张力、舒张张力、收缩振幅差异极显著（P〈O．0t）。与用药前比较,白芍水煎液可使空肠平滑肌的自发性收缩运动受到抑制：溶液浓度为4．00g／L时,舒张张力差异显著（P〈0．05）,收缩张力、收缩振幅差异极显著（P〈0．01）;浓度为8．00、16．00g／L时,收缩张力、舒张张力、收缩振幅差异极显著（P〈0．01）。[结论]白术水煎液能显著增强鸡离体空肠平滑肌运动,而白芍水煎液明显抑制鸡离体空肠平滑肌运动,二者作用相反。     

鸡腿菇液体发酵工艺的优化

[目的]对鸡腿菇液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行筛选及优化。[方法]以鸡腿菇为供试材料,胞外多糖和菌丝体生物量为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对鸡腿菇液体发酵培养基配方及培养条件进行筛选及优化。[结果]鸡腿菇液体发酵产胞外多糖的最佳培养基组合为：葡萄糖2．0％,酵母膏0．75％,CaCl0．2％;鸡腿菇液体发酵产菌丝体的最佳发酵培养基组合为：葡萄糖2％,酵母膏0．75％,KH2PO4 0．2％;鸡腿菇液体发酵产胞外多糖和菌丝体的最佳发酵条件均为：起始pH值7．0,接种量20．0％,装液量120ml,培养天数6d;[结论]该研究为鸡腿菇的进一步开发提供了科学依据。     

灰树花胞外多糖发酵条件优化研究

灰树花是一种营养丰富的药食两用真菌,其胞外多糖是一种具有抑制肿瘤、抗HIV、调节免疫等生理活性的真菌多糖.研究了碳源、氮源、生长促进剂和无机盐对灰树花产胞外多糖的影响,结果表明,灰树化产胞外多糖较佳的培养基组合为每升培养基添加葡萄糖50 g、黄豆粉40 g、豆油1 g、KH2PO44 g、MgSO4 2 g,每升培养基可得到灰树花胞外多糖3.78 g.     

大孔吸附树脂对药桑多糖的脱色及抗氧化活性研究

研究大孔吸附树脂对药桑多糖脱色工艺和脱色前后多糖抗氧化活性变化的影响。采用静态吸附法选出对药桑多糖具有最佳脱色效果的树脂,动态吸附法系统地研究吸附工艺条件,采用DPPH· 自由基法对脱色前后多糖抗氧化活性进行对比研究。NKA-9 型大孔树脂对药桑多糖的脱色效果最佳。药桑多糖脱色率可达61.8%,最佳脱色条件为：流速：4.8 BV/h,多糖浓度：3.261 mg/mL,洗脱剂浓度：60%。在该工艺条件下,药桑多糖的脱色率可达到最大,脱色后多糖抗氧化活性有所增强。     

真空冷冻干燥炮制法对藏天麻活性成分提取的影响

为给藏天麻的开发与利用提供参考依据,以西藏自治区波密县的野生天麻为试材,分别采用自然干燥、蒸煮烘干、真空冷冻干燥等炮制方法对其进行加工处理,并就不同炮制处理对其天麻素与多糖含量提取率的影响情况进行了试验研究与测定分析。测定结果表明:真空冷冻干燥、蒸煮烘干、自然烘干、新鲜(未经处理)的天麻其天麻素含量分别为5.43、1.39、0.584、0.546 g/kg;其总糖提取率分别为64.5%、57.9%、35.7%、32.7%,其粗多糖提取率分别为43.0%、20.5%、26.3%、29.3%;经真空冷冻干燥处理的天麻其天麻素和天麻多糖提取率均有显著提高,高于蒸煮烘干、自然晒干等处理的4~10倍。研究结果表明:真空冷冻干燥处理优于蒸煮烘干、自然晒干处理;以真空冷冻干燥技术处理的天麻,不仅保存且提高了天麻的药用价值,而且食用方便。文中因此认为,真空冷冻干燥技术可在波密县推广应用。     

Comparison of the distribution of mineral nutrients and active substances in dehydration- and salinity-stressed Aloe vera L.

Changes in growth and distribution of inorganic mineral elements and organic active substances in seedlings of A. vera were examined under treatments of ?0.44 and ?0.88 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and corresponding isosmotic sodium chloride (NaCl). All stress treatments inhibited plant growth, with NaCl severely inhibiting the growth of the seedlings than PEG. However, leaf biomass did not change significantly. The nitrogen concentration under PEG was maintained higher than that under NaCl. Salinity caused more severe ionic imbalance than dehydration. However, when the concentration of NaCl was increased, ion homeostasis was maintained. Stressors induced an increase in aloin concentration in leaves, especially in young leaves. Polysaccharide concentrations in leaves did not change under dehydration. However, the polysaccharide concentration decreased in the middle and base leaves under NaCl. A. vera exhibited high adaptability to suitable osmotic stress, which increases its main active ingredients in leaves.     

The Antihyperlipidemic Mechanism of High Sulfate Content Ulvan in Rats

Numerous studies have suggested that hyperlipidemia is closely linked to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antihyperlipidemia mechanism of HU (high sulfate content of ulvan) in high-cholesterol fed rats. Wistar rats were made hyperlipidemic by feeding with a high-cholesterol diet. HU was administered to these hyperlipidemia rats for 30 days. Lipid levels and the mRNA expressions of FXR, LXR and PPARγ in liver were measured after 30 days of treatment. In the HU-treated groups, the middle dosage group of male rats (total cholesterol (TC): p < 0.01) and the low-dosage group of female rats (TC, LDL-C: p < 0.01) showed stronger activity with respect to antihyperlipidemia. Moreover, some HU groups could upregulate the mRNA expression of FXR and PPARγ and downregulate the expression of LXR. For the male rats, compared with the hyperlipidemia group, the middle dosage HU had the most pronounced effect on increasing the mRNA levels of FXR (p < 0.01); low- and high-dosage HU showed a significant inhibition of the mRNA levels of LXR (p < 0.01). All HU female groups could upregulate the mRNA expression of PPARγ in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, HU could improve lipid profiles through upregulation of FXR and PPARγ and downregulation of LXR.